Okoniewski, J. C., VanPatten, C., Ableman, A. E., Hynes, K. P., Martin, A. L., & Furdyna, P. (2020). Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) from New York City, New York, USA, 2012–2018. Journal of Wildlife Diseases.

Study Highlights:

Anticoagulant rodenticides, principally difethialone, brodifacoum, and bromadiolone, were detected in the livers of 89% of 72 red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) from New York City examined from 2012- 2018.

Fatal hemorrhage was diagnosed in 41% of these cases.

Extensive use of rodenticides remains a significant risk to red-tailed hawks.